Brain venous infarction, also known as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is a medical condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot within the veins that drain oxygen-depleted blood from the brain. This condition leads to a compromised blood flow, resulting in the inadequate circulation of oxygen and nutrients to certain areas of the brain. Brain venous infarction is a relatively rare condition, accounting for approximately 0.5-1% of all strokes.
The underlying causes of brain venous infarction can vary, but they are often related to the formation of blood clots within the cerebral veins and sinuses. Risk factors include genetic disorders that increase blood clotting tendencies, certain medications, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives), head trauma, infections, and autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms of brain venous infarction can be diverse and may include severe headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, focal neurological deficits, altered mental status, and sometimes coma. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial to prevent further complications and minimize long-term consequences. Diagnosis is typically made using neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, with or without the addition of contrast.
Treatment of brain venous infarction often involves the administration of anticoagulation therapy to prevent the further growth of blood clots and restore normal blood flow. Other interventions like managing symptoms, addressing the underlying risk factors, treating infections, and providing supportive care may be necessary. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the clot or relieve any pressure on the brain caused by swelling.
Overall, timely recognition and treatment of brain venous infarction are essential in order to minimize the potential long-term complications and improve patient
