Bradycardia refers to a medical condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate. It is defined as a heart rate that falls below the standard resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute in adults. In bradycardia, the heart is unable to maintain an adequate pace, impeding its ability to pump a sufficient amount of blood to meet the body's demands.
Bradycardias can be classified into different types based on their origin and severity. Sinus bradycardia, the most common form, occurs when the sinus node, which generates the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat, fires at a slower rate. Another form is called sinus node dysfunction, where the sinus node fails to generate consistent electrical signals. Thirdly, heart block, characterized by a disruption in the electrical signals from the upper to lower chambers of the heart, can also cause bradycardia.
The symptoms of bradycardia vary depending on the underlying cause, but common manifestations include fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fainting. If bradycardia becomes severe, it can lead to complications such as heart failure, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.
Treatment options for bradycardia depend on the diagnosed type and severity. Mild cases may not require intervention, but more severe instances may involve interventions such as medications, pacemakers, or other medical procedures to restore the heart rate to a normal range. It is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of bradycardia to consult with a medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
