Bracts refer to modified or specialized leaves that differ in shape and size from the typical foliage leaves. They are usually found at the base of flowers or flowering structures such as inflorescences or peduncles. These modified leaves may range in color, texture, and shape and serve various functional roles.
Functionally, bracts serve to protect flowers and buds, attracting pollinators, or aiding in the dispersal of seeds. By enclosing or forming a protective layer around developing flowers, bracts shield them from physical damage, excessive light, or drying.
Bracts can also be highly conspicuous, often possessing vibrant colors or unique patterns, which function as visual cues to attract pollinators. In such cases, bracts function similarly to petals, enhancing the overall attractiveness of the flower or aiding in pollinator recognition.
Additionally, some bracts have evolved to assist in seed dispersal. They may develop hooked or barbed structures, aiding in attachment to animal fur or clothing, ensuring the seeds' transportation to new locations.
The unique characteristics of bracts contribute to the overall appearance and functionality of plants, enhancing their chances of reproduction and survival. By modifying the appearance of leaves, bracts provide plants with an additional level of adaptability and flexibility within their reproductive structures, broadening their potential for successful reproduction in diverse environments.
