Bovine ephemeral fever virus, also known as BEF virus, is a viral pathogen that primarily affects cattle and is found in various regions across the globe. It belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and Vesiculovirus genus. Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), also called three-day sickness, is the disease caused by this virus.
BEF virus is transmitted through biting insects, particularly mosquitoes and midges, which act as vectors. These insects feed on infected cattle and then transmit the virus to other susceptible animals. The virus replication occurs in the insect's salivary glands.
The disease is characterized by a sudden onset of acute clinical signs, including fever, depression, stiffness, lameness, and swelling of the head and neck. Affected cattle may also exhibit anorexia, reduced milk production, and decreased fertility. The typical duration of the illness is around three to eight days, after which most animals recover, though some may experience a longer convalescence period.
Control measures for BEF virus include vector control, such as the use of insecticides and maintaining proper sanitation. There are also commercially available vaccines for prevention, which can help reduce the severity of the disease and limit its spread.
Bovine ephemeral fever virus is of significant economic importance as it can cause substantial losses in affected cattle herds due to reduced productivity, treatment costs, and trade restrictions. Surveillance and prompt reporting of outbreaks are crucial for effective control and prevention of the disease.
