Bone avascular necrosis, also known as osteonecrosis, is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Avascular necrosis can occur in any bone, but it most commonly affects the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle joints.
The term "avascular" refers to the limited blood flow that occurs in the affected bone, leading to the death of bone cells, or necrosis. The exact cause of bone avascular necrosis is often unknown, but it can be attributed to various factors, including trauma, long-term use of high-dose steroids, alcohol abuse, certain medical conditions like sickle cell disease, and joint dislocation or fracture.
In the early stages of avascular necrosis, a person may not experience any symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms may include pain that worsens with activity, limited range of motion, stiffness, and even bone collapse in severe cases.
Diagnosis of bone avascular necrosis usually involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or bone scans. Treatment options for avascular necrosis depend on the stage and location of the affected bone, as well as the underlying cause. Conservative treatments like pain management, physical therapy, or assistive devices may be utilized in early stages, while advanced cases may require surgical intervention such as core decompression, bone grafting, or joint replacement.
