Blood in stool, also known as rectal bleeding or hematochezia, refers to the presence of blood when passing stool from the rectum and anus. It is a condition that occurs when blood is expelled within or on the feces during bowel movements. The blood can appear bright red or maroon-colored and may be streaked on the surface of the stool, mixed within the feces, or observed separately in the toilet bowl.
The causes of blood in stool vary and may range from minor, self-limiting conditions to more serious underlying medical concerns. Common causes include hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus; anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus; and gastrointestinal bleeding, which can arise from conditions such as peptic ulcers, diverticulosis, Crohn's disease, or colorectal cancer.
Additional causes can include inflammatory bowel disease, infections, trauma or injury to the anal area, certain medications, and rare inherited disorders that affect blood clotting. Blood in stool may also occur in individuals with constipation or diarrhea, as straining during bowel movements can lead to the formation of anal fissures or piles.
If blood in stool is observed, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and possibly tests such as stool analysis, colonoscopy, or imaging studies. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and can range from lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medication to surgical intervention or other procedures aimed at resolving the specific condition causing blood in the stool.
