Blastoma is a medical term referring to a type of cancerous tumor that originates from immature or developing cells called blast cells. These tumors are characterized by uncontrolled and abnormal growth of these immature cells, which then disrupt the normal functioning of the affected tissue or organ.
Blastomas can develop in various parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, and bones. The naming convention of blastomas typically indicates the specific tissue or organ of origin. For example, medulloblastoma refers to a type of brain tumor that arises in the cerebellum, while nephroblastoma (also known as Wilms tumor) denotes a kidney tumor.
Due to their origin in immature cells, blastomas often occur in children and younger individuals. However, they can also affect adults in some cases. The underlying cause of blastomas remains unclear, but certain genetic mutations and abnormalities are believed to play a role.
The symptoms experienced by individuals with blastomas vary depending on the location, size, and aggressiveness of the tumor. Common signs can include pain, swelling, and/or a noticeable mass in the affected area. Other symptoms may arise as a result of the tumor pressing on surrounding structures or interfering with normal bodily functions.
Diagnosis of blastomas typically involves a combination of medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, along with a biopsy to examine a tissue sample under a microscope. Treatment options for blastomas depend on various factors, including the specific type, stage, and location of the tumor. These can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. The prognosis for individuals with blastomas varies widely, with certain types having a higher survival rate than others.
