A biomolecule, also known as a biological molecule, is a chemical compound that is naturally found in living organisms. It is a fundamental unit of life and is involved in various biological processes. Biomolecules can be divided into four main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in organisms and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They include sugars, starches, and cellulose. Proteins, on the other hand, are involved in almost every cellular function. Composed of amino acids, they play critical roles in growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as well as in enzyme catalysis, immune response, and transportation of molecules.
Nucleic acids are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.
Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that are essential for cell structure and function. They include fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids. Lipids provide energy storage, insulation, and protection for vital organs.
Biomolecules are intricately interconnected and work together to ensure the proper functioning of an organism. They are involved in various metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and the overall maintenance of homeostasis.
In summary, biomolecules are chemical compounds found in living organisms that are essential for life processes. They include carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, all of which play crucial roles in the structure, function, and regulation of biological systems.
