Biometrics refers to the scientific discipline and technology that involves the identification and verification of individuals based on distinctive and measurable physical or behavioral characteristics. It encompasses the automated methods of recognizing, analyzing, and categorizing these unique attributes, which are intrinsic to an individual and unlikely to be easily replicated.
Biometric characteristics can be classified into two main categories: physiological and behavioral. Physiological characteristics include features such as fingerprints, hand geometry, facial recognition, iris and retinal patterns, DNA, and voice recognition. Behavioral characteristics, on the other hand, include traits like typing rhythm, gait, and signature dynamics. These attributes are utilized to accurately authenticate and confirm an individual's identity.
The utilization of biometrics involves the collection of biometric data from an individual, followed by its analysis and matching with pre-stored reference data within a database. This process allows for the identification, verification, and authentication of individuals in various applications and systems, such as access control to secure areas, immigration, banking and financial services, law enforcement, national security, and healthcare.
Biometrics provides a high level of accuracy and security as each person possesses unique and distinct biometric traits. The technology offers a reliable means of identification, reducing the reliance on traditional methods, such as passwords or PINs, which can be more susceptible to theft or impersonation. Additionally, the non-invasiveness and ease of use of biometric systems make them increasingly prevalent in everyday life across a multitude of industries.
