Bilious temperament is a term used to describe a disposition marked by irritability, depression, and even nausea. The word 'bilious' comes from the Latin word 'bilis', meaning 'bile', which is a digestive fluid secreted by the liver. The phonetic transcription of 'bilious temperament' is /ˈbɪliəs tɛmpərəmənt/. The 'b' is pronounced like a normal 'b' sound and the 'i' is pronounced like 'ee'. The 'o' is pronounced like 'uh', while the 'u' is pronounced like 'oo'. The 'a' sounds like 'æ' and the final 't' is silent.
A bilious temperament refers to a psychological and physiological disposition characterized primarily by irritability, restlessness, and a tendency towards anger, hostility, or mood swings. This term is derived from the concept of bile, one of the four humors believed to influence human temperament according to ancient medical theories. In this context, bilious specifically refers to an excessive production or accumulation of bile in the body, which was believed to be responsible for negative emotional states and physical ailments.
Individuals with a bilious temperament often demonstrate a quick, fiery temper and may have a tendency to become easily agitated or frustrated. They may also experience a sense of restlessness or inner tension, leading to feelings of discontent or unease. This temperament is commonly associated with traits such as impatience, impulsivity, and a tendency to become easily annoyed or angered.
Physiologically, a bilious temperament may manifest in symptoms such as indigestion, acid reflux, heartburn, or an increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders. It is important to note that while the term "bilious temperament" has historical significance and was used to classify certain personality traits and physical conditions, it is not considered a recognized medical or psychological diagnosis today. Nonetheless, understanding the concept can provide insights into historical perspectives on human temperament and the interplay between physical and psychological well-being.
One marked by more or less general pigmentation, high blood pressure, slow pulse, well developed muscle, strong appetites, tenacity of purpose, and a choleric temper.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The term "bilious temperament" originates from the ancient Greek and Latin understanding of bodily humors. In Greek medicine, it was believed that the human body was composed of four primary humors or fluids, namely blood, phlegm, yellow bile (choler), and black bile (melancholy). These humors were thought to define a person's personality traits and physical health.
The term "bilious" specifically refers to the liver and the production of bile. In medical terms, excessive secretion of bile was associated with a certain temperament, characterized by irritability, ill-temper, and a tendency towards anger or cynicism. This temperament was dubbed as the "bilious temperament".
The etymology of the word further extends to the Latin word "biliosus", which means "full of bile" or "pertaining to bile".