Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a medical condition characterized by the noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is a part of the male reproductive system, located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. BPH is a relatively common condition that primarily affects older men.
As men age, hormonal changes, particularly the increase in levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), can cause the cells in the prostate gland to multiply and grow, resulting in the enlargement of the gland. This gradual enlargement can lead to compression of the urethra, which passes through the prostate, interfering with the normal flow of urine from the bladder. Symptoms of BPH may include weak urine flow, incomplete emptying of the bladder, frequent urination, urgency, nocturia (frequent nighttime urination), and urinary retention.
While BPH is a benign condition and not directly associated with prostate cancer, some symptoms can overlap. Therefore, it is important for individuals experiencing any urinary difficulties to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment options for BPH range from lifestyle modifications, such as limiting fluid intake before bedtime, to medication and surgical interventions. Medications may include alpha-blockers to relax muscles around the prostate and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors to reduce the production of DHT. Surgical options, such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or laser therapy, aim to remove or shrink the excess prostate tissue, thereby relieving the urinary obstruction caused by BPH.
