Belugas are large, white, and sociable marine mammals belonging to the family Monodontidae, specifically the species Delphinapterus leucas. These charismatic creatures are often known as "white whales" due to their distinctive appearance. Belugas can reach lengths of up to 18 feet and weigh around 3,300 pounds, making them one of the smallest species of whales.
Their most notable characteristic is their stark white color, which distinguishes them from other whale species. This uniqueness is further emphasized by their lack of a dorsal fin, as belugas possess a flexible ridge along their backs instead. Another remarkable physical feature of belugas is their round, bulbous forehead, known as a "melon," which they use for echolocation, communication, and navigating their environment.
Belugas are highly intelligent animals, known for their exceptional vocalizations consisting of an array of clicks, whistles, and chirps. These sounds play a crucial role in their communication with each other and establishing social bonds within their pod, which can vary in size from a few individuals to several hundred.
These marine mammals inhabit the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere, including coastal areas such as the Hudson Bay, the Bering Sea, and the St. Lawrence River. Belugas have adapted to these cold waters, possessing a thick layer of blubber to insulate them against the frigid temperatures.
Belugas are opportunistic feeders, with their diet consisting primarily of fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. They utilize various hunting techniques, such as nose-diving, bubble nets, and cooperative foraging, to catch their prey.
Due to factors such as habitat degradation, climate change, and hunting, some populations of belugas are considered endangered or vulnerable. Efforts are
