The word "bastille" is spelled as /bæsˈtil/ in IPA phonetic transcription. This spelling reflects the pronunciation of the word in French, where "bastille" originated. In English, the word is often pronounced with the stress on the second syllable (/bəˈstiːl/), which is not reflective of its French pronunciation. The Bastille was a famous prison in Paris that was stormed by revolutionaries on July 14th, 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
Bastille refers to a strong, fortress-like prison that once existed in Paris, France. The term "bastille" originated from the word "bastida," which in the medieval Provençal dialect meant "fortress" or "tower." The most renowned and historically significant example of a bastille is the Bastille Saint-Antoine, built in the late 1300s as a stronghold within the city walls of Paris, serving as a royal fortress and state prison.
The Bastille not only gained its reputation as a robust defensive structure but also carried significant political importance. It held prisoners accused of various crimes, political dissidents, and opponents of the monarchy. In France, the Bastille became a symbol of the monarchy's authoritarianism and oppression, representing the abuse of power and arbitrary imprisonment. This perception was further magnified during the French Revolution, when revolutionaries stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, marking a crucial turning point in the uprising against the monarchy and the beginning of the French Revolution.
Today, the word "bastille" is often used to refer to any harsh, oppressive, or tyrannical institution or system. It conveys a sense of repression, brutality, and lack of freedom. Additionally, the term may be employed metaphorically to describe any symbolic attack on or overthrow of such oppressive structures or systems in the pursuit of liberty, justice, or political change.
The word "bastille" has its origins in the Old French word "bastir", which means "to build". It ultimately derives from the Latin word "bastire", which also means "to build". "Bastille" specifically refers to a fortress or a tower that is used for defense purposes. The most famous and significant use of the term is associated with the Bastille prison in Paris, which was famously stormed on July 14, 1789, marking a pivotal moment in the French Revolution.