Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses (REV) are a group of retroviruses that primarily affect birds, including chickens, turkeys, geese, and ducks. They belong to the family Retroviridae, genus Gammaretrovirus, and are known to cause the disease known as avian reticuloendotheliosis.
REV infects the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which includes the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The virus targets the immune system, leading to immunosuppression and disrupting the body's ability to defend against pathogens. This makes infected birds more susceptible to various bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections.
Transmission of Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses can occur both vertically, from infected parent birds to their offspring, and horizontally, through direct contact with contaminated body fluids like blood, semen, or feces. The virus can also be transmitted through contaminated needles or surgical instruments during procedures, posing a risk to commercial poultry operations.
Infected birds may show a variety of clinical signs, including anemia, weight loss, reduced growth, increased mortality, and tumors in various organs. However, it is important to note that many carriers of the virus may show no visible signs of illness, making identification and control challenging.
Prevention and control of Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses involve strict biosecurity measures, including the isolation of infected birds and routine testing to identify carriers. Vaccination can also be used to reduce the spread of the virus within a flock. Additionally, it is crucial to prevent the introduction of the virus from outside sources, such as new birds or contaminated equipment, to maintain flock health.
