Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Group refers to a collective term for a group of enveloped retroviruses that primarily infect avian species. These viruses belong to the family Retroviridae and the genus Gammaretrovirus. They are characterized by their ability to cause both benign and malignant tumors, as well as immunosuppression in birds.
The avian reticuloendotheliosis virus group encompasses numerous subtypes, including but not limited to Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus, Avian Leukosis Virus, and Avian Myeloblastosis Virus. They are primarily transmitted horizontally through contact with contaminated bodily fluids, such as saliva, blood, feces, and eggshells. Vertical transmission from infected hens to their offspring can also occur.
Infections caused by avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses can have a wide range of clinical manifestations in various avian species. While some birds may remain asymptomatic carriers, others may experience a variety of clinical signs, including decreased egg production, anemia, weight loss, immunosuppression, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, and the formation of tumors, particularly in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, or kidneys. In severe cases, the disease can lead to death.
The diagnosis of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus infections involves various methods, such as serological testing, virus isolation, and detection of viral genetic material through molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Prevention and control strategies for avian reticuloendotheliosis virus infections involve implementing strict biosecurity measures, including isolation of infected birds, disinfection of contaminated areas, and proper disposal of infected carcasses. Additionally, commercial vaccines are available for specific subtypes of the av
