Avian lymphomatosis viruses refer to a group of retroviruses that primarily infect avian species and are known to cause lymphomas or tumors in infected birds. These viruses belong to the genus Alpharetrovirus, which is a subdivision of the family Retroviridae.
Avian lymphomatosis viruses are typically transmitted horizontally, often through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, as well as through respiratory secretions and excreta of infected birds. In some cases, vertical transmission from infected parent birds to their offspring can also occur.
Once infected, the viruses can remain latent in birds for extended periods, often without causing any apparent symptoms. However, under favorable conditions, the viruses can become activated, leading to the development of malignant lymphomas. These lymphomas usually affect various organs, including the liver, spleen, kidneys, and various lymphoid tissues throughout the body.
Avian lymphomatosis viruses have been identified in a wide range of domestic and wild avian species, including chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, and many others. The disease has been reported worldwide and can have significant economic impact on the poultry industry due to reduced productivity and increased mortality rates.
Effective prevention and control of avian lymphomatosis viruses mainly involve implementing biosecurity measures, such as maintaining clean and hygienic bird housing, controlling vectors, and preventing contact between infected and susceptible birds. Vaccines have also been developed to help reduce the incidence and severity of lymphomatosis in susceptible avian populations.
