Avian Leukosis Sarcoma Viruses (ALSV) are a group of viruses that belong to the retrovirus family, specifically the genus Alpharetrovirus. They primarily infect avian species, particularly chickens, causing leukemia and sarcoma tumors. ALSV is known to induce various types of tumors, including lymphoid leukosis, erythroblastosis, myelocytomatosis, and fibrosarcoma.
The transmission of ALSV occurs horizontally through contact with infected birds, particularly through contaminated poultry products or direct bird-to-bird contact. Vertical transmission from infected hens to their offspring during egg formation is also possible. Once the virus gains entry into the host, it can integrate its genetic material into the host DNA, leading to the development of tumors.
Affected birds usually exhibit a range of clinical signs, including weight loss, decreased egg production, pale combs, anemia, immunosuppression, and ultimately death. The tumors caused by ALSV can develop in various organs, including the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and heart. These tumors can lead to organ dysfunction and can be fatal for the infected birds.
Diagnosing ALSV infections can be done through various techniques, such as serological tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, and histopathological examination of tumor tissues. Control measures against ALSV include strict biosecurity measures, culling infected birds, and vaccination programs.
In summary, Avian Leukosis Sarcoma Viruses are a group of retroviruses that infect avian species and cause the development of leukemia and sarcoma tumors. These viruses can impact poultry production and necessitate the implementation of preventive measures to control their spread.
