Avian Erythroblastosis Virus (AEV) is a retrovirus that primarily affects birds, particularly chickens. It belongs to the genus Alpharetrovirus and family Retroviridae. AEV is commonly associated with the development of erythroblastosis, a condition characterized by the excessive proliferation of immature red blood cells, known as erythroblasts, in the bone marrow and other tissues. These viral-induced red blood cell precursors often infiltrate various organs, leading to anemia, organ dysfunction, and potentially death.
AEV is transmitted horizontally through the ingestion of infected material, such as contaminated feed or water, or vertically through the transfer of viral particles from infected hens to their offspring during embryonic development.
Infected birds may exhibit a range of symptoms, including weakness, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and reduced egg production. In severe cases, they may suffer from hemorrhagic lesions or tumors across various organs, particularly the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
The diagnosis of AEV relies on the detection of viral particles or specific antibodies, often done through serological tests or molecular techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Prevention and control of AEV involve sound management practices and strict biosecurity measures, such as disinfection, proper waste management, and isolation of infected birds. Although no specific treatment is available, supportive care, such as blood transfusions and antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, may help affected birds recover.
Avian Erythroblastosis Virus is a significant viral pathogen in poultry, and its control is crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of avian populations.
