Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects young chickens, primarily less than six weeks old. AEV belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is classified as a member of the genus Enterovirus.
AEV primarily targets the central nervous system, causing inflammation and degeneration in the brain and spinal cord of infected birds. The virus is transmitted through the oral-fecal route, meaning it spreads through contaminated feed, water, and feces. It can also be transmitted vertically from infected hens to their offspring through the egg.
The symptoms of AEV infection vary but commonly include depression, poor growth, weakness, tremors, ataxia, and paralysis. Mortality rates can range from 5 to 30% in affected flocks, although some birds may exhibit subclinical infections without apparent clinical signs.
There is no specific treatment for AEV, so prevention and management are crucial in controlling the disease. Vaccination programs are available to provide protection to susceptible birds, especially breeder flocks, to prevent vertical transmission.
Effective biosecurity measures should be implemented to minimize the introduction and spread of AEV in poultry farms. This includes proper sanitation, strict hygiene practices, and limiting contact with infected birds or contaminated materials.
Overall, AEV poses a significant risk to the poultry industry, causing economic losses due to increased mortality, decreased growth rates, and compromised flock performance. Timely detection, prompt intervention, and strict biosecurity measures are essential in controlling and managing AEV outbreaks.
