AUTISM SPECTRUM Meaning and
Definition
-
The term "autism spectrum" refers to a range of developmental disorders that are collectively known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The "spectrum" in autism spectrum emphasizes the wide variability in its symptoms, severity, and abilities among individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Autism is commonly diagnosed in early childhood, and its symptoms can manifest differently in each person affected. Some individuals with autism may exhibit difficulty in understanding and engaging in social interactions, leading to challenges in forming and maintaining relationships. Communication impairments may include difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication, such as limited speech, delayed language development, or reliance on alternative communication methods. In addition, those on the autism spectrum often display repetitive behaviors, intense focus on specific interests, and resistance to changes in routines or environments.
The use of the term "spectrum" acknowledges that while individuals with autism share certain core features, the severity and impact of these features can vary greatly. Some individuals with ASD may need intensive support for daily living, while others may require minimal assistance. The term "autism spectrum" allows for a broad understanding and recognition of the diverse range of experiences and abilities that individuals with ASD possess. Overall, understanding the autism spectrum helps society to promote acceptance and inclusion while assisting individuals with autism in accessing effective support and services tailored to their specific needs.
Etymology of AUTISM SPECTRUM
The word "autism" originated from the Greek word "autos", meaning "self", which was first used by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1910 to describe a symptom of schizophrenia. In 1943, the term "autistic psychopathy" was introduced by Leo Kanner, an Austrian-American psychiatrist, to describe a particular pattern of behaviors and social challenges.
The concept of autism as a spectrum emerged later with the work of various researchers and professionals in the field. In the 1980s and 1990s, different terms such as "autistic spectrum disorders" and "pervasive developmental disorders" were used interchangeably to describe the range of conditions that fall under the autism umbrella.
Eventually, the term "autism spectrum" gained more prominence and recognition, as it accurately described the wide range of characteristics and severities individuals with autism may exhibit.
