Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically manifests in childhood and often persists into adulthood. It is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that significantly hinders the affected individual's daily functioning and development.
The inattention aspect of ADHD refers to difficulty sustaining attention, being easily distracted, and struggling to follow through with tasks or instructions. Hyperactivity manifests as excessive physical restlessness, fidgeting, and an impulsive need for constant movement. Impulsivity pertains to acting without forethought or consideration of consequences, interrupting others, and making rash or impulsive decisions.
These symptoms can interfere with numerous areas of an individual's life, such as academics, work, relationships, and overall wellbeing. ADHD may lead to poor academic performance, difficulty organizing and completing tasks, challenges in maintaining social relationships, and increased risk of accidents or injuries due to impulsivity.
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must be present in multiple settings (such as home, school, or work) and have a significant negative impact on the person's functioning. The symptoms should be observed for a duration of at least six months and be inconsistent with developmental norms for the individual's age.
While the exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, it is believed to stem from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect certain brain circuits. Treatment usually involves a combination of medication, psychoeducation, therapy, and support strategies tailored to address the individual's specific needs and challenges.
