Atrial Premature Complex (APC) is a medical term referring to an irregularity in the heart's electrical activity, specifically a premature heartbeat that originates in the atria rather than at the sinoatrial (SA) node. The SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart, responsible for initiating the electrical signals that regulate the heart's rhythm.
In an individual affected by APC, an additional electrical impulse arises in the atria before the SA node's next scheduled signal, resulting in a premature contraction. These extra contractions can interrupt the normal heart rhythm, leading to an irregular pattern and a feeling of skipped or "extra" beats.
APCs often occur sporadically and may not require medical attention or treatment. In many cases, they are harmless, benign, and do not pose a significant threat to one's health. However, in some individuals, frequent or persistent APCs can cause symptoms such as palpitations, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort.
The causes of APCs can vary and include underlying heart conditions such as congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, or myocarditis. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors such as excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption, stress, and stimulant medications can contribute to the occurrence of APCs.
Treatment for APCs is typically not necessary unless the associated symptoms are significantly bothersome or there are underlying heart conditions present. In such cases, management may involve addressing potential lifestyle triggers, such as reducing caffeine intake or managing stress levels. Medications or procedures to regulate the heart's rhythm may also be considered to alleviate symptoms or prevent complications.
