The word "atrabilious" (ætrəˈbɪliəs) is one of the lesser known words in the English language. It refers to someone who is irritable, gloomy or melancholic, and is derived from the Latin word "atra bilis" meaning "black bile". The 'a' in the first syllable is pronounced with a short 'a' sound /æ/, while the second syllable has a short 'i' sound /ɪ/ followed by a schwa /ə/. The stress is on the second syllable, making it a three-syllable word.
Atrabilious is an adjective used to describe a person who is inclined towards melancholy, irritability, or a gloomy disposition. Derived from the Latin word "atrabilis," meaning "black bile," the term was historically used in ancient Greek medicine to describe an excess of melancholic temperament caused by an imbalance of bodily humors.
In a modern context, atrabilious refers to an individual who often feels or displays symptoms of irritability, depression, or a generally moody or dark nature. Such a person may exhibit a predisposition towards negativity, an inclination to brood on negative thoughts, or a tendency to see the world in a pessimistic light. They may also possess a dry, sarcastic, or sardonic sense of humor. Atrabilious individuals may struggle with low moods, fatigue, or feelings of constant dissatisfaction.
While atrabilious is typically applied to personality or disposition, it can also describe someone's literary or artistic style, particularly if it conveys a negative or gloomy tone. Atrabilious works may explore themes of sadness, despair, or existential angst, often reflecting the artist's own melancholic temperament.
In summary, atrabilious describes a person who exhibits a pessimistic or gloomy disposition, often manifesting in irritability, moodiness, or a tendency to focus on negative thoughts. It can also refer to artwork or literature that conveys a dark or melancholic tone.
Melancholic, atrabiliary.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "atrabilious" is derived from the Latin term "atrabilis". In Latin, "atra" means "black" and "bilis" means "bile". Bile was believed to be one of the four humors in ancient medicine, and an excess of black bile was thought to cause melancholy or irritability. Over time, "atrabilious" came to be used in English to describe someone who is gloomy, melancholic, or inclined to bitter moods.