ATMA is a Sanskrit term that has multiple interpretations and meanings across different cultures and belief systems. In Hinduism, ATMA refers to the individual soul or self, often considered eternal and unchanging, which is believed to be distinct from the physical body. It is seen as the innermost essence or consciousness within every living being, connecting them to the divine and ultimate reality. ATMA is considered to be the essence that transcends the material world and continues its existence even after the death of the physical body.
In the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, ATMA is seen as the ultimate reality or Brahman, the universal consciousness that underlies all existence. It is believed that realizing one's own ATMA is crucial for achieving self-realization and liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Through meditation, self-inquiry, and the guidance of a spiritual teacher, individuals strive to uncover their true ATMA nature, which is regarded as infinite, blissful, and full of wisdom.
In some Buddhist traditions, ATMA is viewed with a different perspective. It is often interpreted as the notion of a self or permanent identity, which is considered illusory. According to these teachings, the concept of ATMA is regarded as a cause of suffering and attachment, as it perpetuates the idea of an individual self that is separate from others and the world.
Overall, ATMA encompasses various philosophical, religious, and spiritual understandings, reflecting the diverse interpretations and beliefs about the nature of existence and the self within different cultural contexts.
