Atherosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of plaque inside the arteries. It is a progressive disease that causes the arteries to narrow and harden, leading to reduced blood flow and potential complications. The condition is often associated with aging and typically begins with damage to the inner lining of the arteries due to various factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, or chronic inflammation.
The initial stages of atherosclerosis involve the accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, and other cellular waste products within the arterial walls, forming plaque. As the plaque grows, it causes the arteries to become narrower and stiffer, impeding proper blood supply to vital organs and tissues. This can result in a range of cardiovascular problems, including angina (chest pain), heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease.
The symptoms of atherosclerosis may not be noticeable until the condition has significantly progressed. However, individuals with advanced atherosclerosis might experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain, or symptoms related to a specific organ affected by reduced blood flow. Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging techniques like angiography or ultrasound.
Treatment for atherosclerosis typically involves lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and managing conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Medications to control cholesterol, blood pressure, or blood clotting may also be prescribed. In severe cases, invasive procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be required to restore proper blood flow and alleviate symptoms.
