Asthma gypseum, also known as gypsum asthma, is a type of occupational lung disease characterized by allergic reactions and respiratory symptoms caused by exposure to gypsum dust or particles. It is a specific form of extrinsic allergic alveolitis, also referred to as hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Gypsum asthma is typically encountered in individuals who work in gypsum mining, manufacturing, or construction industries where they frequently come into contact with gypsum dust or fumes. When gypsum particles are inhaled, the immune system of susceptible individuals reacts against the foreign substance, leading to an allergic response in the lungs.
Symptoms of asthma gypseum may manifest as coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, or fatigue, often resembling the symptoms of asthma. These symptoms can vary in severity and can become more pronounced with continued exposure to gypsum dust. In some cases, individuals may experience fever, chills, or flu-like symptoms.
Diagnosis of asthma gypseum involves taking a detailed medical history, conducting a physical examination, and performing medical tests such as lung function tests, chest X-rays, and blood tests. Identification of specific IgG antibodies against gypsum can also aid in confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment typically involves avoiding further exposure to gypsum dust or particles, wearing appropriate protective equipment, and using bronchodilator medications and corticosteroids to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, where symptoms persist or progress despite treatment, long-term management may be necessary. This may involve the use of immunosuppressive medications or the need to change occupation. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are important to manage symptoms effectively and prevent complications.
