Astern is a nautical term that means "behind a ship". The spelling of astern is influenced by its pronunciation, which is /əˈstɜːrn/. The stress falls on the second syllable, and the first syllable has a schwa sound /ə/. The third and fourth syllables are pronounced with an open-mid vowel /ɜː/ and an 'r' sound. The final syllable has a neutral vowel sound /n/. So, the IPA phonetic transcription of astern is /əˈstɜːrn/, and it indicates the correct spelling of this word.
Astern is an adverb for the maritime term that refers to the direction opposite to the movement or positioning of a ship's bow or forward end. It indicates movement, positioning, or direction towards the rear or stern of a vessel. The term "astern" is often used in nautical contexts to describe movements or actions occurring behind or in the aft of a ship.
In a more general usage, "astern" can refer to any object or individual situated behind another object or in the rear. The term conveys a sense of backwardness or position at the rear, similar to the original nautical sense. It is frequently employed to describe situations or positions within a larger context where backward distance or direction is relevant.
In nautical terminology, "astern" can also describe the propulsive action of a ship when it moves backward or in reverse. This maneuver is commonly achieved by reversing the rotation of the ship's propulsion system. For instance, a ship's engine can be set to drive the propeller or thrusters in an opposite direction, causing the vessel to move astern.
Overall, "astern" is a versatile term that encompasses both directional and positional meanings. Whether used in relation to the movement of a ship or in a broader sense, it invariably signifies a position behind or in the rear.
At the stern; the hinder part of a ship; behind.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "astern" comes from the Old English term "æftanweard", which is a combination of two elements: "æftan" meaning "behind" and "weard" meaning "ward" or "direction". Over time, the term evolved and developed into "astern", which is still used today to describe a position or movement in the ship or boat when the stern (rear) is facing or moving towards something.