Asterixis is a medical term that refers to a neurological phenomenon characterized by rapid, involuntary, and irregular flapping or trembling movements of the hands, wrists, or fingers. Also known as "flapping tremor" or “liver flap,” it is typically observed when the affected individual extends their arms with fingers outstretched. The movements resemble the upward and downward fluttering motion of a bird's wings, hence its name derived from the Greek words "aster" (meaning "star") and "ixis" (meaning "flapping").
Asterixis is often indicative of a dysfunction in the central nervous system, particularly the brain or the liver. It is most commonly associated with hepatic encephalopathy, a condition marked by liver failure or severe liver damage leading to high levels of toxins in the bloodstream. The accumulation of these toxins, such as ammonia, affects the normal functioning of the brain, resulting in asterixis as one of the visible neurological symptoms.
While asterixis is commonly linked with liver disease, it can also occur in other conditions affecting the nervous system, such as uremia, metabolic disorders, carbon dioxide retention, certain medications, alcohol withdrawal, or drugs toxicity. Accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of asterixis is crucial for targeted treatment and to identify and address the associated condition promptly.
Treatment aims to address the underlying cause of asterixis, such as liver dysfunction, through management of the specific condition. This may involve medications to address liver disease, dietary changes, or liver transplant. In cases where the cause is related to medications or toxins, discontinuing or adjusting the relevant substances may be sufficient for symptom improvement. Physical therapy and rehabilitation techniques can also be employed to help manage the tremor and improve motor control.
