The term "articular crescent" refers to a specific anatomical structure primarily found in the human knee joint. It can be defined as a fibrocartilaginous structure within the joint capsule that surrounds and supports the femur and tibia bones in the knee. The term "crescent" is used due to its curved or moon-shaped appearance.
The articular crescent is also commonly known as the meniscus, and in each knee joint, there are two menisci, the medial meniscus located on the inner side and the lateral meniscus on the outer side. These structures act as shock absorbers between the femur and tibia, cushioning the joint during movement. The articular crescents are especially important in distributing the load and forces evenly during weight-bearing activities.
The articular crescent has a unique structure that comprises dense collagen fibers and contains a limited blood supply. The outer edges of the menisci have a better blood supply compared to the inner regions, which impacts healing capacity. Additionally, the menisci receive nourishment through a process known as imbibition, where synovial fluid is absorbed into the structure.
Damage to the articular crescent or meniscus can occur due to trauma, degenerative conditions, or overuse activities. Common injuries include tears, fraying, or degeneration, causing pain, swelling, and limited movement. Management of articular crescent injuries may involve conservative measures such as rest, physical therapy, and pain management, while more severe cases may require surgical intervention.
In summary, the articular crescent refers to the fibrocartilaginous structure that cushions and supports the knee joint between the femur and tibia bones, acting as a shock absorber during movement.
