Arthrodesis is a medical term that refers to the surgical procedure of joint fusion. Derived from the Greek words "arthron" meaning joint and "desis" meaning binding, arthrodesis involves the permanent immobilization or fixation of a joint to facilitate complete fusion of the bones forming the joint. The procedure aims to eliminate pain, correct deformity, and provide stability to the affected joint.
Arthrodesis is mainly performed when a joint is severely damaged, affected by degenerative diseases such as arthritis, or unstable due to injury. During the surgery, the cartilage within the joint is removed, and the bony surfaces are realigned and fixed together using screws, plates, rods, or bone grafts. This fusion prevents any movement or motion within the joint and promotes the growth of bone across the fused joint surfaces, resulting in the formation of a solid, single bone structure.
Commonly performed on large joints such as the ankle, knee, wrist, or spine, arthrodesis can effectively relieve pain, correct deformities, and improve functionality in cases where other conservative treatments have failed. Rehabilitation and physiotherapy are typically required after surgery to enhance mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles.
While arthrodesis offers stability and pain relief, it also eliminates joint movement, leading to a loss of flexibility and range of motion in the affected area. Moreover, arthrodesis is irreversible, and the fused joint cannot be restored to its original state. Hence, its application is carefully considered as a last resort when all other treatment options have been exhausted.
