Arthritis deformans, also known as osteoarthritis, is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and the formation of new bone at the joint margins. This condition typically affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and hands.
The term "arthritis deformans" stems from the Latin words "arthritis," meaning joint inflammation, and "deformans," referring to the deformity or malformation of the affected joint. It accurately reflects the impact of this condition on joint structure and function.
As arthritis deformans progresses, the articular cartilage, which acts as a cushion between the bones, becomes worn down, leading to joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Over time, this can result in joint deformities, as the body attempts to repair the damaged cartilage by developing extra bone, called osteophytes or bone spurs, around the joint.
Factors contributing to the development of arthritis deformans include age, genetics, obesity, joint injury, and repetitive stress on the joints. Symptoms of this condition may include joint pain, swelling, tenderness, stiffness, and a reduction in range of motion.
Treatment for arthritis deformans typically involves a combination of non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical therapy, weight management, and assistive devices, as well as pharmacological interventions like pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and sometimes joint injections. In severe cases, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered.
Early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals such as rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and physical therapists can help manage symptoms, slow down progression, and improve the quality of life for individuals with arthritis deformans.
