Arterial fatty streak refers to an early stage of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and other substances within the walls of arteries. It is the initial visible manifestation of atherosclerosis and occurs primarily in large and medium-sized arteries.
Arterial fatty streaks are fatty deposits that accumulate within the innermost layer of the arterial walls, known as the intima. These streaks are composed of foam cells, which are macrophages that have engulfed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles. Foam cells and other lipid-laden cells form fatty streaks that typically appear as flat, yellowish lesions on the arterial walls.
While arterial fatty streaks themselves do not cause significant narrowing or obstruction of blood flow, they serve as the foundation for atherosclerotic plaque formation. Over time, these streaks may progress to advanced plaques, ultimately leading to partial or complete blockage of arterial blood flow, elevation of blood pressure, and increased risk of heart attack or stroke.
Arterial fatty streaks are commonly found in young individuals and can start to develop in childhood. They are often associated with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Given their significance in the development of atherosclerosis, the presence of arterial fatty streaks may indicate the need for early intervention and lifestyle modifications to prevent the progression of atherosclerotic disease.
