Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD), also known as Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), is a rare genetic condition that affects the heart muscle. It is characterized by the gradual replacement of normal heart muscle tissue with fatty and fibrous scar tissue, primarily in the right ventricle of the heart. This abnormal tissue can disrupt the normal electrical signals in the heart, leading to irregular heart rhythms or arrhythmias.
ARVD typically presents during adolescence or early adulthood, although it can sometimes be diagnosed in childhood. Symptoms of the condition can vary widely and may include palpitations, dizziness, fainting episodes, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. In some cases, sudden cardiac arrest or death can occur, especially during physical activity or emotional stress.
Diagnosis of ARVD often involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests (such as echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or CT scans), electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and genetic testing. Treatment options for ARVD aim to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest. These may include lifestyle modifications, medication (such as beta-blockers and anti-arrhythmic drugs), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement, and in severe cases, heart transplantation.
It is important for individuals with ARVD to receive regular monitoring and follow-up care from a cardiologist specialized in heart rhythm disorders or inherited heart conditions. Genetic counseling is also recommended for affected individuals and their families to understand the inheritance pattern and potential risks to other family members.
