Diarrhea, also spelled as 'diarrhea' or 'diarrhoea', is a medical condition characterized by the frequent and loose passage of watery stools. It is a common gastrointestinal disorder that is often accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal cramps, nausea, bloating, and dehydration. Diarrhea can be acute, lasting a few days to a week, or chronic, persisting for several weeks or even longer.
The condition occurs when the digestive system fails to absorb sufficient water or nutrients from the food consumed, leading to the passage of loose stools. It can be caused by various factors such as viral or bacterial infections (e.g., gastroenteritis), food poisoning, intestinal parasites, certain medications, food allergies, or underlying medical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome.
Treatment for diarrhea aims to alleviate the symptoms, restore body fluid levels, and address the underlying cause. This generally involves oral rehydration therapy, which involves drinking fluids with electrolytes to prevent dehydration. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to control symptoms or treat the specific cause of diarrhea.
Preventing diarrhea involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, avoiding contaminated food and water, and receiving appropriate vaccinations when traveling to high-risk areas. It is crucial to seek medical attention if diarrhea persists for more than a few days or is accompanied by severe symptoms, as it can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition, particularly in infants, young children, or individuals with weakened immune systems.
