The phrase "argumentum ad hominem" is a Latin term commonly used in the field of logic and debate. It refers to a type of argument in which a person attacks their opponent's character or personal traits instead of addressing the actual issue at hand. The spelling of "argumentum ad hominem" is pronounced /ərˈɡjjuːmɛntəm æd ˈhɒmɪnɛm/ using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). This type of argument is considered fallacious because it does not address the topic being debated and instead deflects attention to the speaker.
Argumentum ad hominem is a Latin term that translates to "argument against the person" in English. It refers to a logical fallacy in which the focus of the argument is shifted from the actual issue or argument at hand to attacking the character or personal traits of the individual making the argument. In this fallacy, instead of addressing the merits or flaws of the argument itself, the person making the argument is attacked, discredited, or their motives are questioned.
Essentially, argumentum ad hominem attempts to undermine the credibility and validity of an argument by attacking the person who presents it, rather than engaging with the content or substance of the argument itself. Examples of ad hominem attacks include personal insults, name-calling, questioning the speaker's intelligence, or attacking their personal characteristics unrelated to the argument.
This fallacy is considered invalid because it fails to address the actual argument or provide any logical basis for accepting or rejecting the argument being made. It is a distractive tactic that attempts to divert attention away from the actual issues and evidence presented in the argument. It can be seen as a form of deflection or an attempt to discredit the person rather than engaging in a rational debate or discussion based on the facts and logic of the argument being made.
Unexpected consequences pressed against a man with arguments drawn from his own principles or conduct.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.