ARCTIC BROWN SOIL Meaning and
Definition
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Arctic brown soil, also known as Arctic tundra soil, refers to a type of soil found in the Arctic region characterized by distinct physical and chemical properties. It is a mineral soil that is typically formed under cold temperatures, permafrost conditions, and in areas with low vegetation cover.
This soil is generally dark brown or black in color, primarily due to the accumulation of organic matter derived from decaying plant material. It contains a high amount of organic carbon, which contributes to its fertility and ability to retain moisture. The organic matter in the soil also helps to insulate the underlying permafrost, preventing it from thawing.
Arctic brown soil has a unique texture consisting of a thin layer of topsoil known as the active layer, which is rich in nutrients and supports the growth of plants during the short Arctic summer. Below the active layer lies the permafrost layer, which remains permanently frozen. The active layer freezes and thaws with the seasonal temperature changes, causing expansion and contraction that can lead to the formation of icy lenses.
This type of soil is typically found in a fragile and sensitive ecosystem known as the Arctic tundra, where the extreme cold and short growing season restrict the development of vegetation. It plays a crucial role in supporting the limited plant and animal life in the region and is highly vulnerable to environmental changes such as global warming and permafrost degradation.
