Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria that are commonly found in various environments, including water, soil, and animals. They are spiral-shaped and motile, possessing one or two polar flagella that enable them to move in liquid media. The name "Arcobacter" was derived from the Greek words "arcos," meaning bow or curve, and "bacter," referring to bacteria, illustrating their curved appearance.
Arcobacter species are known for their ability to colonize and survive in a wide range of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and even insects. While some species are considered commensals and do not cause diseases, certain strains are associated with gastrointestinal disorders in humans and animals.
These bacteria have been recognized as emerging pathogens, and detection of Arcobacter is becoming increasingly important in public health and food safety. They have been implicated in foodborne illnesses, particularly through consumption of contaminated poultry, pork, and dairy products. Furthermore, some species of Arcobacter have been linked to bacteremia and septicemia in immunocompromised individuals.
Detection and identification of Arcobacter are usually carried out using culture-dependent methods in specialized laboratories. Molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting specific gene regions, have also been developed. Due to their fastidious growth requirements, identification and isolation of Arcobacter can be challenging and require expertise to accurately identify different species and strains.
In conclusion, Arcobacter is a genus of curved, spiral-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in various environments. While some species are harmless, others have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders and other serious infections.
