Apical Periodontal Cyst, also known as a Radicular Cyst, is a pathological condition that primarily affects the roots of teeth in the jawbone. It is a cystic lesion that forms at the apex or tip of the tooth root, mainly as a result of an infection or inflammation in the pulp or nerve tissue of the tooth.
This cystic cavity is lined with epithelial tissue, which is derived from the remnants of dental follicles or epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament. The formation of the Apical Periodontal Cyst is triggered by the accumulation of inflammatory exudate or granulomatous tissue within the tooth’s periapical region.
Typically, this cyst grows slowly and is usually painless. However, as it expands, it may cause localized swelling, tenderness, or even tooth mobility due to the destruction of the surrounding bone. If left untreated, it can lead to further complications, including dental abscesses or infection spread to adjacent tissues.
Diagnosis of an Apical Periodontal Cyst is often made through dental radiographs, such as periapical or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, which can provide a detailed image of the cyst's size, location, and effect on surrounding structures.
Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the cyst, followed by appropriate root canal therapy or tooth extraction. This aims to eliminate both the cystic lesion and the source of infection or inflammation, promoting healing and preventing the reoccurrence of the cyst. Regular dental follow-ups are recommended to monitor the healing process and ensure long-term dental health.
