Aphthous, derived from the Greek word "aphthai" meaning ulcer, is an adjective that refers to the presence or characteristic of painful, shallow mouth ulcers. Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores, are non-contagious lesions that commonly occur inside the mouth on the soft tissues, such as the inner lips, cheeks, tongue, or gums. These ulcers are typically round or oval-shaped, appear as white or yellowish sores with a red border, and can be quite sensitive and painful, especially when eating, drinking, or speaking.
The term "aphthous" is used in medical and dental contexts to describe the nature of the ulcers and their associated symptoms. Although the exact cause of aphthous ulcers is yet to be fully understood, various contributing factors have been identified, such as minor mouth injury, stress, hormonal changes, vitamin deficiencies, certain foods or drinks, and a weakened immune system. While most aphthous ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks, individuals experiencing severe or frequent outbreaks may require medical intervention to alleviate discomfort or promote healing.
Treatment options for aphthous ulcers include over-the-counter topical ointments or gels to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and facilitate healing. In more severe cases, healthcare professionals may prescribe stronger medications, including corticosteroids or immunomodulatory drugs, to manage symptoms and prevent future outbreaks. Preventive measures such as maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding triggers known to cause ulcers, managing stress levels, and following a balanced diet can also help reduce the likelihood of aphthous ulcers occurring.
