Aortic valve prolapse, also known as aortic valve prolapse syndrome or aortic valve displacement, is a medical condition characterized by the bulging or sagging of the aortic valve leaflets into the aorta during the heart's contraction. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the main artery of the body, the aorta, and is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
In cases of aortic valve prolapse, the valve leaflets are typically enlarged and excessively floppy, causing them to bulge or prolapse into the aorta. This condition can be congenital or acquired, with underlying connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, often associated with an increased risk of aortic valve prolapse.
Symptoms of aortic valve prolapse may vary, ranging from none to mild or severe, depending on the degree of valve displacement. Common symptoms include chest pain or discomfort, palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. In rare cases, aortic valve prolapse can lead to complications, such as regurgitation of blood back into the left ventricle or the development of infective endocarditis.
Diagnosis is usually made through imaging tests, such as echocardiography, which allows visualizing the movement of the valve leaflets. Treatment is primarily based on the severity of symptoms and complications, with mild cases often requiring no specific intervention. Medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms or manage complications. In severe cases, surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement, may be necessary to correct the prolapse and restore proper valve function. Regular monitoring and follow-ups are important for managing this condition effectively.
