Aortic valve incompetence, also referred to as aortic regurgitation or aortic insufficiency, is a medical condition characterized by the incomplete closure or malformation of the aortic valve in the heart. The aortic valve is situated between the left ventricle and the aorta and is responsible for regulating blood flow by opening to allow oxygenated blood to be pumped into the aorta and closing to prevent the backward flow of blood.
When aortic valve incompetence occurs, the valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the left ventricle during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. This allows blood to flow in two directions instead of just one, thereby compromising the efficiency of blood circulation.
The causes of aortic valve incompetence can vary and include conditions such as congenital heart defects, weakening or dilation of the aortic root, connective tissue disorders, infective endocarditis, or aortic dissection. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, or fluid retention in various parts of the body.
Diagnosis of aortic valve incompetence may involve a thorough physical examination, cardiac imaging tests such as echocardiography or MRI, and sometimes additional diagnostic procedures like cardiac catheterization. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may involve medications to manage symptoms, regular monitoring, and surgical interventions such as valve repair or replacement.
Aortic valve incompetence can have significant implications for cardiovascular health and, if left untreated, can lead to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or damage to other heart structures. Close monitoring and appropriate medical management are essential in maintaining the overall well-being of individuals with this condition.
