Aortic aneurysms are defined as abnormal, localized dilations that occur within the walls of the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the human body that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all other organs. These aneurysms can occur in different parts of the aorta, including the ascending aorta (proximal to the heart), the aortic arch, or the descending aorta (distal to the heart).
In aortic aneurysms, the weakened area of the aortic wall bulges out, forming a balloon-like enlargement. This weakening can be caused by various factors, such as genetic disorders, trauma, infection, or atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries). Over time, the aneurysm may gradually enlarge, increasing the risk of rupture or dissection, which can be life-threatening.
Aortic aneurysms are often asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally during routine medical examinations or imaging tests. However, some individuals may experience symptoms such as chest or back pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or coughing. Ruptured or dissected aneurysms may lead to severe internal bleeding and can cause sudden, severe pain or even be fatal.
Treatment options for aortic aneurysms depend on their size, location, and overall health of the patient. Monitoring the aneurysm's growth through regular imaging scans is crucial in managing smaller aneurysms. Surgical intervention, such as open repair or endovascular stent grafting, may be necessary for larger or high-risk aneurysms to prevent rupture. Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and maintaining a healthy weight, are often recommended to minimize the risk of aneurysm
