Antral Vascular Ectasia (AVE) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement or dilation of blood vessels in the antrum of the stomach. The antrum refers to the lower portion of the stomach, which is responsible for mixing food with digestive juices before it passes into the small intestine.
AVE is also known as watermelon stomach due to its appearance resembling the stripes on a watermelon when viewed through an endoscope. It is a relatively rare condition that primarily affects older adults, especially women.
The dilation of blood vessels in AVE results in a disruption of the normal blood flow, leading to the formation of small red lesions or streaks on the surface of the stomach lining. Over time, these lesions can bleed, causing chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and resulting in symptoms like iron deficiency anemia, melena (black, tarry stools), and fatigue.
The exact cause of AVE is not fully understood, but several factors have been suggested, including chronic inflammation, hormonal changes, and abnormalities in the blood vessels. Other medical conditions, such as liver disease, autoimmune disorders, and connective tissue disorders, have also been associated with AVE.
Diagnosis of AVE often involves an endoscopy, which allows a doctor to visualize the blood vessel abnormalities in the stomach lining. Treatment for AVE aims to control and manage the bleeding symptoms and may include measures such as blood transfusions, endoscopic procedures, laser therapy, or medication to promote blood clotting. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are important for managing AVE and preventing complications.
