ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION Meaning and
Definition
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Antipsychotic medication refers to a class of drugs that are primarily used in the treatment of mental disorders characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and agitation. Also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, these medications work by altering the levels of chemicals in the brain, particularly dopamine, to alleviate or manage the symptoms associated with psychosis.
Antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed to individuals diagnosed with conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression with psychotic features. They help reduce the intensity and frequency of psychotic episodes, minimize agitation and aggression, and improve overall functioning and quality of life. These drugs can be divided into two categories: typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Typical antipsychotics, also called first-generation antipsychotics, tend to block dopamine receptors in the brain. Examples include haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and fluphenazine. Atypical antipsychotics, or second-generation antipsychotics, not only affect dopamine receptors but also impact other neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Some commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics are risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine.
It is important to note that while antipsychotic medications can be effective in managing symptoms, they may also have side effects. Common side effects may include drowsiness, weight gain, dizziness, dry mouth, and constipation. In some cases, more serious side effects like muscle stiffness, tremors, and tardive dyskinesia may occur. As with any medication, it is essential to work closely with a healthcare professional to monitor the effectiveness, dosage, and any potential risks associated with antipsychotic medication.
Etymology of ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION
The word "antipsychotic" is derived from the combination of two terms: "anti-" and "psychotic".
1. "Anti-" is a prefix derived from the Ancient Greek word "anti", meaning "against" or "opposite". In this context, it denotes an opposition or counteraction against something.
2. "Psychotic" is an adjective that originated from the noun "psychosis", which comes from the Greek term "psykhe", meaning "mind" or "soul". "Psychosis" refers to a mental condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning.
The term "antipsychotic" emerged to describe medications used to treat and manage symptoms associated with psychosis. These medications aim to counteract or oppose psychotic symptoms by reducing their severity or frequency.
