Antipsychotic agents, also known as antipsychotics or neuroleptics, refer to a class of medications primarily used to manage various psychiatric disorders, especially psychosis. These medications are specifically designed to alleviate symptoms associated with psychotic conditions, such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and behavioral disturbances.
Antipsychotic agents work by targeting and modulating the dysfunction of neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. They help restore the balance of these chemicals and regulate aberrant brain activity, ultimately reducing the intensity and frequency of psychotic symptoms.
These medications can be classified into two main categories: typical antipsychotics (first-generation) and atypical antipsychotics (second-generation). Typical antipsychotics, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine, primarily focus on blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Atypical antipsychotics, including risperidone and quetiapine, also work on dopamine receptors but additionally affect serotonin and other neurotransmitters, leading to a broader spectrum of effect.
In addition to managing psychosis, antipsychotic agents may also be prescribed to treat other psychiatric conditions like bipolar disorder, severe anxiety, Tourette syndrome, and certain types of depression. These medications are typically administered orally in tablet or liquid form, although some are available as intramuscular injections for emergency situations.
It is important for individuals prescribed with antipsychotic agents to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully. Regular monitoring is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication, manage any potential side effects, and make proper adjustments to the dosage if necessary.
