ANTIBODIES Meaning and
Definition
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are large Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or toxins, known as antigens. They play a crucial role in defense against infections and diseases.
The body's immune system works by recognizing and identifying harmful substances called antigens, and antibodies are produced specifically to bind and neutralize these antigens. Antibodies are highly specific and can recognize a wide range of antigens. They provide protection by marking antigens for destruction, directly neutralizing them, or activating other components of the immune system to eliminate the threat.
The structure of an antibody consists of two heavy chains and two light chains that form the Y-shape. Each chain is made up of repeating units called immunoglobulin domains, with variations in these domains giving rise to the diversity of antibodies. At the tip of each branch of the Y-shape, there are antigen-binding sites where antibodies bind to antigens with a lock-and-key mechanism.
Once an antibody has bound to an antigen, it triggers a cascade of immune responses, including phagocytosis (engulfing and destruction of the antigen by immune cells), activation of complement proteins (which cause cell lysis and inflammation), or recruitment of other immune cells to the site of infection or inflammation.
Antibodies can be produced naturally by the body in response to infection or vaccination, or they can be generated in laboratories for use in diagnostic tests, research, or therapeutic purposes. They are an essential component of the immune system and critical in maintaining health and fighting off infections.
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Etymology of ANTIBODIES
The word "antibodies" is derived from the combination of two words: "anti" and "body".
"Anti" comes from the Greek prefix "anti-" meaning "against" or "opposite".
"Body" in this context refers to the immune system's recognition and response to foreign substances, often referred to as "foreign bodies".
Therefore, "antibodies" can be understood to mean "against foreign bodies". This term accurately describes the function of antibodies in the immune system, as they are proteins produced by the body to neutralize or destroy invading pathogens or foreign substances.
Similar spelling words for ANTIBODIES
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