Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Antagonists (ACE inhibitors) are a class of drugs commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. These medications work by inhibiting the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, an enzyme involved in a complex hormonal system that regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and sodium retention in the body.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By blocking the action of this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion, leading to blood vessels dilation and subsequent lowering of blood pressure.
In addition to their blood pressure-lowering effects, ACE inhibitors also have other beneficial properties. They reduce the stress on the heart by decreasing the workload of the heart muscle, limit the production of aldosterone (a hormone that promotes salt and water retention), and improve kidney function by widening the blood vessels within the kidneys.
These drugs are typically prescribed for patients with hypertension, heart failure, and certain kidney conditions. They may be used alone or in combination with other medications. Popular ACE inhibitors include lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril, and captopril.
However, it is important to note that ACE inhibitors may have side effects, such as dry cough, dizziness, fatigue, or elevated levels of potassium in the blood. Therefore, individuals should always consult with their healthcare provider before starting or adjusting any medication regimen.
