Angioedema is a medical condition characterized by localized swelling and inflammation in the deep layers of the skin and mucosal tissues, predominantly in the face, lips, mouth, throat, and sometimes the genitals and extremities. The condition is caused by the accumulation and expansion of fluid in the interstitial spaces, specifically the subcutaneous and submucosal tissues, resulting from the release of chemical substances in the body.
Angioedema can be triggered by various factors, such as an allergic reaction, certain medications, hereditary factors, infections, or unknown causes. Allergic reactions, particularly to foods, medications, or insect bites, are one of the most common causes of angioedema. This condition manifests as sudden and rapid swelling, which can be painful, disfiguring, and may affect the individual's ability to breathe or swallow if it involves the airway or throat.
In addition to the physical symptoms, angioedema can also be accompanied by other manifestations like itching, a tingling sensation, or a warm and painful feeling in the affected areas. It can be acute, typically resolving within a few days or weeks, or chronic, lasting for months or even years.
Treatment options for angioedema depend on the underlying cause identified. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and immune-modulating drugs are commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms and reduce inflammation. In severe cases, emergency treatment may be required, such as the administration of epinephrine to counteract an allergic reaction, or airway management in case of respiratory distress.
