Angina pectoris is a medical condition characterized by recurring episodes of chest pain or discomfort caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. The term "angina" derives from the Latin word for "choking" or "strangling," alluding to the sensation experienced during an episode. Pectoris originates from the Latin word for "chest," indicating the specific location of the symptoms.
During an episode of angina pectoris, an individual may encounter various symptoms, including a squeezing or pressure-like sensation in the chest. This discomfort is often described as tightness, heaviness, or burning, typically felt behind the breastbone or slightly to the left side. Patients may also experience pain radiating to the neck, jaw, shoulders, arms, or back. Additional symptoms might include shortness of breath, nausea, sweating, dizziness, and fatigue.
Angina pectoris is typically a result of reduced blood flow to the heart muscles, commonly due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart. The reduced blood flow may arise from the accumulation of fatty deposits or plaques within the arteries, a condition known as coronary artery disease. Physical exertion or emotional stress often triggers angina attacks since these activities require the heart to work harder, increasing its demand for oxygen-rich blood.
Diagnosis of angina pectoris often involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, and, in some cases, coronary angiogram to assess the blockages or narrowing of the coronary arteries. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medication to manage symptoms, and, in severe cases, revascularization procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to improve blood flow to the heart muscle.
