Amoebic dysentery, also known as amebic dysentery, is a serious and sometimes fatal gastrointestinal illness caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. The word "amoebic" is commonly misspelled as "amebic", which results in an incorrect pronunciation. The correct spelling, "amoebic," is pronounced [əˈmibiɪk], with the stress on the second syllable, and is based on the scientific name for amoebas. Dysentery is spelled [dɪsənˌtɛri] and refers to inflammation of the intestine, leading to severe diarrhea with pus and blood in the stool.
Amoebic dysentery, also known as amoebiasis, is a medical condition that primarily affects the intestines and is caused by the presence of a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. This single-celled organism enters the body through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Amoebic dysentery is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the colon, leading to symptoms such as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, bloody stools, and fever. In some cases, it can cause significant damage to the intestinal wall, leading to complications like intestinal perforation and abscess formation.
The symptoms of amoebic dysentery typically develop within 1 to 4 weeks after exposure to the parasite and can vary in severity. It is more commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, making it a prevalent health concern in developing countries.
Diagnosis of amoebic dysentery often involves stool examination to identify the presence of Entamoeba histolytica or its cysts. Treatment usually involves the administration of specific medications to eradicate the parasite, such as nitroimidazole drugs like metronidazole. In severe cases or when complications arise, additional measures like surgical intervention may be required.
Prevention of amoebic dysentery involves practicing good sanitation and hygiene techniques, such as using clean drinking water, washing hands thoroughly before eating or cooking, and properly disposing of human waste.
The term "amoebic dysentery" is derived from two main components: "amoebic" and "dysentery".
1. Amoebic: The term "amoebic" refers to the etiological agent responsible for causing the illness, which is the amoeba. Amoebas are single-celled microorganisms that belong to the phylum Amoebozoa. They are known for their ability to change shape, primarily through the extension of pseudopods (temporary projections of the cell).
2. Dysentery: The term "dysentery" refers to a condition characterized by inflammation of the intestine, particularly the colon, which leads to symptoms such as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.